From shampoo to deodorant, hair wax to soap, most grooming products today are packed with fragrances. Add in scented laundry detergents, air fresheners, and household cleaners, and you might be exposing yourself to half a dozen or more fragranced products daily—before even applying cologne. While scents may enhance personal care and home environments, experts warn that these chemicals could pose significant health risks.
The Health Risks of Fragranced Products
According to researchers, constant exposure to fragranced products can trigger a range of health issues. Dr. Anne Steinemann, a professor at Australia’s University of Melbourne, has conducted extensive research on the impact of fragranced consumer products. Her 2020 study found that 12% of people reported migraines and 7% experienced asthma attacks after exposure to fragranced items like air fresheners and laundry detergents. Other potential symptoms include:
- Breathing difficulties
- Dizziness
- Skin rashes
- Congestion
- Seizures
- Nausea
Hidden Chemicals in Everyday Products
Phthalates, a group of chemicals commonly found in fragranced soaps and shampoos, have been linked to serious health concerns. Dr. Heather Patisaul, a biological sciences professor at North Carolina State University, notes that phthalates have been associated with abnormalities in male reproductive system development and potential neurodevelopmental effects. These chemicals are known to block testosterone activity, which can lead to:
- Low energy levels
- Erectile dysfunction
- Difficulty building or maintaining muscle mass
Another concerning chemical is styrene, found in various consumer goods, including personal care and household products. A 2014 report by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) provided strong evidence linking styrene to cancer in humans. Research from 2018 further connected high styrene exposure to an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia.
Dr. Robin Dodson, a research scientist at the Silent Spring Institute, warns that while styrene is a known risk, many other fragrance chemicals could also be harmful. “We don’t know about the others because they haven’t been tested,” she explains.
Are These Products Actually Tested for Safety?
Many consumers assume that household and personal care products undergo rigorous safety testing before hitting the shelves. However, that’s not necessarily the case. The FDA does not require cosmetic manufacturers to prove ingredient safety before products are sold. Instead, harmful ingredients must be identified and linked to health issues before regulatory action is taken.
Despite concerns over phthalates, the FDA states that available data does not provide enough evidence to justify banning these chemicals. Moreover, due to a loophole in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, companies are not required to disclose all ingredients if they fall under the category of “trade secrets.” This means the vague term “fragrance” on a label could represent dozens—or even hundreds—of undisclosed chemicals.
How to Reduce Your Exposure to Fragrance Chemicals
Although fragrance chemicals are everywhere, there are steps you can take to limit your exposure and lower potential health risks:
- Opt for fragrance-free products. Look for labels that state “fragrance-free” rather than “unscented,” as the latter may still contain masking agents to cover chemical odors.
- Reduce the number of scented products you use. Instead of layering multiple fragranced grooming items, stick to just one, such as cologne or aftershave.
- Avoid scented household products. Skip fragranced laundry detergents, air fresheners, and cleaners. As Dr. Dodson notes, “None of us need fragranced trash bags.”
- Choose brands that list all ingredients. Companies prioritizing transparency are more likely to avoid harmful chemicals in their products.
- Advocate for stronger regulations. Push for better safety testing and clearer labeling by supporting policies that hold manufacturers accountable.
The Bottom Line
While fragrances may seem harmless, the chemicals they contain could have lasting health effects. With limited regulation and disclosure requirements, the safest approach is to stay informed and minimize unnecessary exposure. Until companies are required to be fully transparent, making mindful choices about the products you use is the best way to protect your health.